You should breathe through your mouth as often as you eat through your nose. The mouth is for eating and speaking. It's only our backup plan for breathing. Most normal breathing takes place through the nose. The mouth can step in when the nose can't do its job, such as when we have a stuffy nose, or when we need the air quickly, such as when we hyperventilate. But, it's meant to only be plan B. The path air takes from the mouth to the lungs is shorter than it takes from the nose, and the air isn't as warm or moist as the lungs prefer. Additionally, your mouth doesn't have germ filters like hair or mucus-like the nose does. Plus, people who mouth-breathe at night often snore and never experience the deepest level of sleep. Extended mouth breathing can cause micro-trauma to the tissues in the back of the throat, which opens the throat up to infection and swelling. The tonsils often become so enlarged that they block the airway during sleep–a key contributor to sleep apnea.
Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) refers to an unusually short band of tissue (frenulum) that tethers the tongue's tip to the floor. About 3 million people are diagnosed each year. And that number is likely quite low because tongue-tie is frequently left undiagnosed or untreated.
It's typically new mothers struggling with breastfeeding who learn their baby has a tongue-tie. Or it might be noticed later as the child begins talking and shows signs of a speech impediment. In both cases, it's often the more severe cases of tongue-tie that get noticed by midwives, lactation consults, or pediatricians.
The problem is that the short frenulum restricts the movement of the tongue and doesn't allow it to lay correctly in the mouth. This impacts how our mouths develop and how much room we have in our airway–major contributing factors for sleep apnea.
Size and shape matter when it comes to our mouths. We need room for our tongue to sit in the correct position–even for those of use without tongue-tie.
Additionally, the roof of our mouth (palate) is also the floor of our nose. If it develops overly arched, it leaves less room for the nasal passageways above it to grow. Resulting in smaller nasal cavities and a deviated septum, both of which contribute to breathing difficulties both awake and asleep.
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